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History of Bihar
Gautam Kumar
September 14, 2020 09:09:33 PM
5 minutes
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History of Bihar
Main
article:
Magadha See
also:
Shishunaga
dynasty,
Nanda
Dynasty,
Mauryan
dynasty,
Shunga
dynasty,
and
Kanva
dynasty Further
information:
Bimbisara,
Ajatashatru,
Mahapadma
Nanda,
Chandragupta
Maurya,
Bindusara,
Ashoka,
Samprati,
and
Pushyamitra
Shunga Further
information:
Kalinga
War,
Rajgriha,
Pataliputra,
Edicts
of
Ashoka,
Ashokavadana,
Arthashastra,
and
Emblem
of
India Further
information:
Ambapali,
Chanakya,
and
Brhadrata Shishunaga
(also
called
King
Sisunaka)
was
the
founder
of
a
dynasty
collectively
called
the
Shishunaga
dynasty.
He
established
the
Magadha
empire
(in
684
BCE).
Due
in
part
to
this
bloody
dynastic
feuding,
it
is
thought
that
a
civil
revolt
led
to
the
emergence
of
the
Shishunaga
dynasty.
This
empire,
with
its
original
capital
in
Rajgriha,
later
shifted
to
Pataliputra
(both
currently
in
the
Indian
state
of
Bihar).
The
Shishunaga
dynasty
was
one
of
the
largest
empires
of
the
Indian
subcontinent. The
Hariyanka
dynasty
king
Bimbisara
was
responsible
for
expanding
the
boundaries
of
his
kingdom
through
matrimonial
alliances
and
conquest.
The
land
of
Kosala
fell
to
Magadha
in
this
way.
Estimates
place
the
territory
ruled
by
this
early
dynasty
at
300
leagues
in
diameter,
and
encompassing
80,000
small
settlements.
Bimbisara
is
contemporary
with
the
Buddha,
and
is
recorded
as
a
lay
disciple.
Bimbisara
(543–493
BCE)
was
imprisoned
and
killed
by
his
own
son
who
became
his
successor,
Ajatashatru
(491–461
BCE),
under
whose
rule,
the
dynasty
reached
its
largest
extent. Magadha Bimbisara's
jail,
where
King
Bimbisara
was
imprisoned
by
his
son
Ajatashatru,
in
Rajgir
Ajatashatru's
stupa
in
Rajgir,
where
his
ashes
were
interred. Vaishali
was
the
capital
of
Vajjian
Confederacy,
believed
to
be
the
world's
earliest
republic.[10][38][39][40]
Ashokan
Pillar
at
Vaishali. Licchavi
was
an
ancient—before
the
birth
of
Mahavira—
republic
in
what
is
now
the
Bihar
state
of
India.[10]
Vaishali
was
the
capital
of
Licchavi
and
the
Vajjian
Confederacy.
The
Mahavamsa
tells
that
a
courtesan
in
that
city,
Ambapali,
was
famous
for
her
beauty,
and
helped
in
large
measure
in
making
the
city
prosperous.[41] Ajatashatru
went
to
war
with
the
Licchavi
several
times.
Ajatashatru
is
thought
to
have
ruled
from
551
BCE
to
519
BCE
and
moved
the
capital
of
the
Magadha
kingdom
from
Rajagriha
to
Pataliputra.
The
Mahavamsa
tells
that
Udayabhadra
eventually
succeeded
his
father,
Ajatashatru,
and
that
under
him
Pataliputra
became
the
largest
city
in
the
world.
He
is
thought
to
have
ruled
for
sixteen
years.
The
kingdom
had
a
particularly
bloody
succession.
Anuruddha
eventually
succeeded
Udaybhadra
through
assassination,
and
his
son
Munda
succeeded
him
in
the
same
fashion,
as
did
his
son
Nagadasaka. The
Nanda
Empire
at
its
greatest
extent
under
Dhana
Nanda
c.
323
BCE. This
dynasty
lasted
until
424
BCE,
when
it
was
overthrown
by
the
Nanda
dynasty.
This
period
saw
the
development
in
Magadha
of
two
of
India's
major
religions.
Gautama
Buddha
in
the
6th
or
5th
century
BCE
was
the
founder
of
Buddhism,
which
later
spread
to
East
Asia
and
Southeast
Asia,
while
Mahavira
revived
and
propagated
the
ancient
sramanic
religion
of
Jainism. The
Nanda
dynasty
was
established
by
an
illegitimate
son
of
King
Mahanandin
from
the
previous
Shishunaga
dynasty.
The
Nanda
dynasty
ruled
Magadha
during
the
5th
and
4th
centuries
BC.
At
its
greatest
extent,
the
Nanda
Empire
extended
from
Burma
in
the
east,
Balochistan
in
the
west
and
probably
as
far
south
as
Karnataka.[42]
Mahapadma
Nanda
of
Nanda
dynasty,
has
been
described
as
the
destroyer
of
all
the
Kshatriyas.
He
defeated
the
Ikshvaku
dynasty,
as
well
as
the
Panchalas,
Kasis,
Haihayas,
Kalingas,
Asmakas,
Kurus,
Maithilas,
Surasenas
and
the
Vitihotras.
He
expanded
his
territory
to
the
south
of
Deccan.
Mahapadma
Nanda
died
at
the
age
of
88
and,
therefore,
he
ruled
during
most
of
the
period
of
this
dynasty,
which
lasted
100
years. The
Maurya
Empire
at
its
largest
extent
under
Ashoka
the
Great. Silver
punch
mark
coin
of
the
Maurya
empire,
with
symbols
of
wheel
and
elephant.
3rd
century
BC. In
321
BC,
exiled
general
Chandragupta
Maurya,
with
the
help
of
Chanakya,
founded
the
Maurya
dynasty
after
overthrowing
the
reigning
Nanda
king
Dhana
Nanda
to
establish
the
Maurya
Empire.
The
Maurya
Empire
(322–185
BC),
ruled
by
the
Mauryan
dynasty,
was
geographically
extensive,
powerful
and
a
political-military
empire
in
ancient
India.
During
this
time,
most
of
the
subcontinent
was
united
under
a
single
government
for
the
first
time.
The
exceptions
were
present
day
Tamil
Nadu
and
Kerala
(which
was
a
Tamil
kingdom
at
that
time).
The
empire
had
its
capital
city
at
Pataliputra
(near
modern
Patna).
The
Mauryan
empire
under
Chandragupta
Maurya
would
not
only
conquer
most
of
the
Indian
subcontinent,
defeating
and
conquering
the
satraps
left
by
Alexander
the
Great,
but
also
push
its
boundaries
into
Persia
and
Central
Asia,
conquering
the
Gandhara
region.
Chandragupta
Maurya
then
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